Why is exact dna replication an advantage

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Biology Dna Extraction. Need a custom essay sample written specially to meet your requirements? The two daughter cells are identical to the original cell whose DNA was copied. This system works well with single cell and simple organisms.

More complex organisms use meiosis to produce gametes egg or sperm cells for sexual reproduction. Meiosis also begins with DNA replication. Each gamete has half the amount of DNA as the parent cell. When a sperm fertilizes the egg, a new cell containing a complete copy of DNA forms for that species forms, called a zygote.

Without the copying of the DNA life would not continue as existing organisms would not be able to reproduce and replace themselves.

DNA synthesis. DNA replication is the process of making an identical copy of the genetic material within each cell Alberts et al. In eukaryotes, DNA replication takes place during a defined period of the cell cycle , called S for synthesis phase. DNA replication must be carried out with great precision every time the cell divides, so that genetic information is preserved.

Control mechanisms ensure that every base of the genome is replicated once and only once per cell cycle, thereby safeguarding genomic integrity. Before replication can occur, the length of the DNA double helix about to be copied must be unwound. In addition, the two strands must be separated , much like the two sides of a zipper, by breaking the weak hydrogen bonds that link the paired bases.

Once the DNA strands have been unwound, they must be held apart to expose the bases so that new nucleotide partners can hydrogen-bond to them. Figure 1 shows the process part way through. Replication occurs differently on antiparallel strands of DNA. The process starts with a short strand of DNA that binds by pairing its nucleotide bases to those in the DNA strand to be replicated.

This "primer" has an exposed sugar molecule at its end. From there on, DNA polymerase can continuously synthesize the growing complementary strand.