You may see it abbreviated as c. It indicates that a number or value is approximate, not exact. The abbreviations in this section are used primarily in notes and bibliographic entries in order to save space.
It is important to understand these abbreviations not only so that you can correctly interpret bibliographic citations, but also so that your citations can be accessible to your readers. The Latin abbreviation et al. You will generally see et al. In such cases, the name of the first author will be given in full and then followed by et al. As with etc. The abbreviation ibid.
If you cite the same source but a different page number, you can use ibid. Also, note that ibid. Although it is becoming less common, you may encounter the abbreviation id. The abbreviation id.
In such instances, ibid. Like sic, passim is not an abbreviation, but it is included here as a Latin term commonly used to save space in bibliographic entries. While you may occasionally encounter the following abbreviations in your academic career, they are becoming increasingly rare. There is no need for you to attempt to incorporate them into your own writing. Instead, use short English phrases; it will be easier for you to write and for your reader to understand!
The abbreviations loc. The abbreviation loc. In all modern style manuals, ibid. The abbreviations inf. They are used to indicate that information will be more fully explained or cited elsewhere. If the information has already appeared in an earlier note, sup. If the information will appear in a later note where a more complete citation or explanation is perhaps more appropriate , inf. The abbreviation viz. In this sense, viz. It is generally acceptable to use i.
The similar abbreviation sc. Like viz. This practice is not necessary in English;. The abbreviation n.
Used to indicate a footnote at the end of a letter. Generally abbreviated PS or similar ps, p. The two are the antithesis of each other. The practical answer is, almost no native English speakers use "N.
I don't recall ever hearing of this abbreviation before reading this post. Originally it referred to an additional comment that someone added to a letter after signing it, and which he therefore wrote below, i.
In the days before word processing, when you wrote a letter directly on paper barbaric idea, I know , if you completed a letter and signed it, and then something else occurred to you that you wanted to say, you wrote "P. There was no way to add additional text above the signature and there was no easy way to cleanly erase a signature, so the only alternative would be to tear up the letter and start over.
The term has come to mean an afterthought or tangential comment. Today it's common to write "P. Like people will write emails, make their main point, and then write "P. For example, "We have scheduled a meeting for Monday to discuss the Miller account. Please be prepared to present your findings on the cost benefit analysis. Don't forget we have a staff meeting next Thursday. It is an unrelated comment. Perhaps there is some particular profession or academic area where "N.
I'm not familiar with it. Sign up to join this community. The best answers are voted up and rise to the top. Stack Overflow for Teams — Collaborate and share knowledge with a private group. Create a free Team What is Teams? Learn more. Nota Bene vs P. Post Script Ask Question. Asked 5 years, 10 months ago. Active 3 years, 1 month ago. Viewed 70k times. People use "N.
How do you write PS in a letter example? What is PS in chatting? What is PS Facebook? What is the full form of NB? How do you use NB example? What is NB in text? What is a nota?
0コメント